Crazily comprehensive composites! 10 Interesting Facts!

A composite material is one in which two or more separate materials have been combined to make a single construct having more desirable properties. What many people don’t realize is that composites are probably the most common structural materials in the world, and have always been an essential part of their lives.

Concrete, paper, corrugated cardboard, plywood, fiberglass, bamboo, cornstalks, trees, bricks… all are composite materials. Here are 10 more interesting facts about composites:

1. Concrete is the most commonly used composite.
2. About 10 billion tons are made every year – more than one cubic metre for every person on Earth
3. There are many natural composites including bone, wood and rock
4. The earliest man-made composite material were bricks made of straw and mud. The ancient Egyptians recorded these being made in tomb paintings
5. Modern surfboards are made from fiberglass, a cheap composite material of glass fibre and a plastic polymer. Before the 1960s they were made from wood
6. Gore-Tex is a composite which is used to make clothing. It contains layers of different materials which work together to create a fabric which is waterproof and breathable
7. Around half of the materials used to make an aeroplane are composites
8. Scientists have invented self-healing plastics. These composite materials contain chemicals which are released and form new plastic when the item becomes damaged
9. Carbon nanotubes can be incorporated into materials to make them extremely strong but lightweight. In the future we may be able to use them to build an elevator into space!
10. 3D printing will become more useful in creating composite materials in the future. They can be used to print layers of different materials making new types of composites

To know More about Composites grab the chance and attend the forthcoming Conference : 5th International Conference on Advanced Material Research and Nanotechnology.

Dates of the Conference : September 17-18, 2018

Venue : Berlin, Germany

For more Details :  Advanced Materials 2018

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Everything you need to know about Ferrous Metals

Ferrous metals are one of the most recycled materials in the world and can come from various products such as cars, home appliances, construction materials and industrial machinery.

Steel is just one type of ferrous metal. The steel making industry is now hugely dependent on the recycling of scrap metal and almost 40% of the world’s steel production is made from scrap. One of the reasons for this is it’s a lot cheaper to use recycled steel than to go through the mining process and form new steel. Plus recycling steel uses around 75% less energy compared to creating steel from raw materials – enough to power about million homes.

What’s more, steel doesn’t lose any of its physical properties during the recycling process so can be efficiently used again.

5 INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT RECYCLING FERROUS METALS

• Around 40% of the world’s steel production is made from scrap
• Steel car frames contain at least 25% recycled steel and a typical electrical appliance will be made of 75% recycled steel
• Recycling steel uses around 75% less energy compared to creating steel from raw materials – enough to power about 18 million homes
• Recycling 1 tonne of steel saves 1,100 kg of iron ore, 630 kg of coal and 55 kg of limestone
• Each year around 500 million tons of steel is produced from scrap materials

WHAT ARE FERROUS METALS?

Ferrous metals are mainly composed of iron (unlike non-ferrous materials), such as steel and cast iron.
They are durable and known for their tensile strength, so they’re used in construction, cars, rail and tools.
Another key feature is most ferrous metals also have magnetic properties, which makes them useful in the creation of motors and electrical appliances.
Additionally, due to the high amounts of carbon in them, most ferrous metals and alloys are vulnerable to rust when exposed to the elements. Although, this isn’t the case with wrought iron or stainless steel.

WHAT METALS ARE FERROUS?

There are a number of metals that are ferrous, including:

• Mild steel
• Carbon steel
• Stainless steel
• Cast iron
• Wrought iron

WHAT FERROUS PRODUCTS CAN BE RECYCLED?

There are a wide range of ferrous metals that can be recycled, everything from a small can to railway tracks. Ferrous metals are magnetic so they can be easily separated from other products when being recycled and then melted down.
Vehicles such as cars and vans can also be recycled, as well as hardware and tools.
Many items around your home are also ferrous metals including home appliances such as washing machines and old cast iron bathtubs, old water tanks and cast iron pipes.
The construction industry uses and recycles a lot of scrap ferrous metal with items including beams, columns and scrap machinery.

To know More about Ferrous Metals grab the chance and attend the forthcoming Conference : 5th International Conference on Advanced Material Research and Nanotechnology.

Dates of the Conference : September 17-18, 2018

Venue : Berlin, Germany

For more Details :  Advanced Materials 2018

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Interesting Facts About Metals

Most of the elements in the periodic table are metals, plus there are numerous alloys made from mixtures of metals. So, it’s a good idea to know what metals are and a few things about them. Here are several interesting and useful facts about these important materials

• The word metal comes from the Greek word ‘metallon,’ which means quarry or to mine or excavate.

• The most abundant metal in the universe is iron, followed by magnesium.

• The composition of the Earth is not entirely known, but the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust is aluminum. However, the Earth’s core likely consists mainly of iron.

• Metals are primarily shiny, hard solids that are good conductors of heat and electricity.

• About 75% of the chemical elements are metals. Of the 118 known elements, 91 are metals. Many of the others possess some of the characteristics of metals and are known as semimetals or metalloids
• Metals form positively charged ions called cations through loss of electrons. They react with most other elements, but especially nonmetals, such as oxygen and nitrogen.

• The most commonly used metals are iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, and lead. Metals are used for an enormous number of products and purposes. They are valued for their ability to strength, electrical and thermal properties, ease of bending and drawing into wire, wide availability, and participation in chemical reactions.

• Although new metals are being produced and some metals were difficult to isolate in pure form, there were seven metals known to ancient man. These were gold, copper, silver, mercury, lead, tin, and iron.

• The tallest free-standing structures in the world are made of metals, primarily the alloy steel. They include the Dubai skyscraper Burj Kalifa, the Tokyo television tower Skytree, and the Shaghai Tower skyscraper.

• The only metal that is a liquid at ordinary room temperature and pressure is mercury. However, other metals melt close to room temperature. For example, you can melt the metal gallium in the palm of your hand.

To know More about Metals grab the chance and attend the forthcoming Conference : 5th International Conference on Advanced Material Research and Nanotechnology.

Dates of the Conference : September 17-18, 2018

Venue : Berlin, Germany

For more Details :  Advanced Materials 2018

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A shape-memory alloy is an alloy that “remembers” its original shape and that when deformed returns to its pre-deformed shape when heated. This material is a lightweight, solid-state alternative to conventional actuators such as hydraulic, pneumatic, and motor-based systems. Shape-memory alloys have applications in robotics and automotive, aerospace and biomedical industries.

Applications For Shape Memory Alloys:

• Bio engineering:
• Bones: Broken bones can be mended with shape memory alloys. The alloy plate has a memory transfer temperature that is close to body temperature, and is attached to both ends of the broken bone. From body heat, the plate wants to contract and retain its original shape, therefore exerting a compression force on the broken bone at the place of fracture. After the bone has healed, the plate continues exerting the compressive force, and aids in strengthening during rehabilitation. Memory metals also apply to hip replacements, considering the high level of super-elasticity. The photo above shows a hip replacement

• v Reinforcement for Arteries and Veins: For clogged blood vessels, an alloy tube is crushed and inserted into the clogged veins. The memory metal has a memory transfer temperature close to body heat, so the memory metal expands to open the clogged arteries.

• Anti-scalding protection: Temperature selection and control system for baths and showers. Memory metals can be designed to restrict water flow by reacting at different temperatures, which is important to prevent scalding. Memory metals will also let the water flow resume when it has cooled down to a certain temperature.

• Fire security and Protection systems: Lines that carry highly flammable and toxic fluids and gases must have a great amount of control to prevent catastrophic events. Systems can be programmed with memory metals to immediately shut down in the presence of increased heat. This can greatly decrease devastating problems in industries that involve petrochemicals, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, and large oil and gas boilers.

• Golf Clubs: a new line of golf putters and wedges has been developed using_____. Shape memory alloys are inserted into the golf clubs. These inserts are super elastic, which keep the ball on the club face longer. As the ball comes into contact with the club face, the insert experiences a change in metallurgical structure. The elasticity increases the spin on the ball, and gives the ball more “bite” as it hits the green.

• Helicopter blades: Performance for helicopter blades depend on vibrations; with memory metals in micro processing control tabs for the trailing ends of the blades, pilots can fly with increased precision.

• Eyeglass Frames: In certain commercials, eyeglass companies demonstrate eyeglass frames that can be bent back and forth, and retain their shape. These frames are made from memory metals as well, and demonstrate super-elasticity.

• Tubes, Wires, and Ribbons: For many applications that deal with a heated fluid flowing through tubes, or wire and ribbon applications where it is crucial for the alloys to maintain their shape in the midst of a heated environment, memory metals are ideal.

To know More about Shape Memory Alloys grab the chance and attend the forthcoming Conference : 5th International Conference on Advanced Material Research and Nanotechnology.

Dates of the Conference : September 17-18, 2018

Venue : Berlin, Germany

For more Details :  Advanced Materials 2018

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Photonics and Optoelectronics-Today’s and Tomorrow’s cutting-edge Technology

Photonics and optoelectronics are the key technologies of the future. More and more industries are discovering their own potential applications of laser technology. However, tapping into the full potential of the technology requires suitable components.

 There are many common application errors in laser technology: when playing electronic storage media such as Blu-ray discs, when reading barcodes using corresponding readers, when used as an important tool in cutting and welding processes for mechanical engineering or mechatronics applications or even in the expansive field of testing and measuring technology based on optical sensors.

But the application areas of photonics are not limited to entertainment and industry; they are far more diverse than most people would think: There is hardly any industry that does not currently benefit from this innovative technology and for which laser-based processes and methods are not of great significance. Tapping into this enormous potential requires suitable optoelectronics: sophisticated ultra-high-precision components needed for well-designed laser processes.

LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS: TECHNOLOGIES OF TOMORROW

In the meantime, many applications in the field of photonics have been created, serving industries that did not previously use laser technology:

• Fiber glass technology in the telecommunications sector
• Measuring and safety technology in transportation
• Power generation
• Analysis technology, beam sources and surgery tools in the healthcare sector
• Control technology in agricultural applications
• In the field of security engineering
• In arts

To know More about OptoElectronics Grab the chance and attend the forthcoming Conference : 5th International Conference on Advanced Material Research and Nanotechnology.

Dates of the Conference : September 17-18, 2018

Venue : Berlin, Germany

For more Details :  Advanced Materials 2018

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Metamaterials are a mind-bending class of matter. Broadly defined as man-made materials with unusual properties not found in nature, this category of materials is probably most famous for serving as the building blocks for a Harry Potter-style invisibility cloak. But so much more is possible.

One thing that all Metamaterials have in common is the ability to make waves behave strangely. This can lead to electromagnetic waves zigging when they should zag and sound waves curving in ways they don’t normally do. The list is almost limitless, but we’ve put together a few of the exciting uses for Metamaterials that are just over the horizon.

• Bend light to effectively create an invisibility cloak. This works exactly like it sounds which is what’s so impressive.
  

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• Construct satellite trackers that never need to move. Similar technology could serve as portable, energy-efficient satellite communication units for soldiers on the battlefield.
  

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• Enable ultra-fast data processing. Metamaterials could also reduce the size of chips so that they’d be tiny and speedy.
  

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• Beam broadband connections to planes, trains, ships and cars. Imagine having internet access, well, everywhere.

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• Create a camera that uses compressed microwave images without a lens or moving parts. This could replace the bulky gateways currently in use at airports.

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• Become the building blocks for a high-speed fiber-optic telecommunications network. Not only can they beam the internet to airplanes, Metamaterials can make up the internet itself.
  

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• Build a better smartphone camera lenses. Metamaterial technology could actually create better lenses in general—ones that can do things existing lenses can’t.

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• Contribute to making efficient solar cells less bulky. And who doesn’t want more efficient solar energy?
  

To know More about Metamaterials Grab the chance and attend the forthcoming Conference : 5th International Conference on Advanced Material Research and Nanotechnology.

Dates of the Conference : September 17-18, 2018

Venue : Berlin, Germany

For more Details :  Advanced Materials 2018

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